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What is Solar Cell?
What is Solar Cell?
Solar Cell or Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device that is made up of semiconductor materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide and cadmium telluride, etc. that converts sunlight directly into electricity. When solar cells absorb sunlight, free electrons and holes are created at positive/negative junctions. If the positive and negative junctions of solar cell are connected to DC electrical equipment, current is delivered to operate the electrical equipment.
Solar cell types
There are three major cell types that classified by its manufacturing technology and the semiconductor:
1. Crystalline Silicon PV Module: Two types of crystalline silicon (c-Si) are used to produce PV module; single crystalline silicon or known as monocrystalline silicon and multi-crystalline silicon, also called polycrystalline silicon. The polycrystalline silicon PV module has lower conversion efficiency than single crystalline silicon PV module but both of them have high conversion efficiencies that average about 10-12%.
2. Amorphous Silicon PV Module: Amorphous silicon (a-Si) PV module or thin-film silicon PV module absorbs light more effectively than crystalline silicon PV module, so it can be made thinner. It suits for any applications that high efficiency is not required and low cost is important. The typical efficiency of amorphous silicon PV module is around 6%.
3. Hybrid Silicon PV Module: A combination of single crystalline silicon surrounded by thin layers of amorphous silicon provides excellent sensitivity to lower light levels or indirect light. The Hybrid silicon PV module has highest level of conversion efficiency about 17%.
When sunlight strikes solar cell surface, the cell creates charge carrier as electrons and holes. The internal field produced by junction separates some of positive charges (holes) from negative charges (electrons). Holes are swept into positive or p-layer and electrons are swept into negative or n-layer. When a circuit is made, free electrons have to pass through the load to recombine with positive holes; current can be produced from the cells under illumination.
The individual solar cells are connected together to make a module (called solar panel or PV panel ) to increase current and the modules are connected in an array (called ‘solar array’ or ‘PV array’). Depending on current or voltage requirement, solar arrays are connected in a variety of ways: • If the solar arrays are connected in parallel, the output current will increase.
• If the solar arrays are connected in series, the output voltage will increase.
What is the advantage of solar cell?
Solar cell or PV cell produces clean with non-polluting energy source of electricity that is environmental-friendly. Since it uses no fuel other than sunlight, gives off no waste, no burning, and no moving part when it operates. It reduces collection of gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen, etc., which generated from fuel, coal and fossil fuel burning power plants. All decrease the impacts of energy on the environment like greenhouse effect, global warming, acid rain and air pollution, etc. It is easy to install and transportable. With the modular characteristic, it can be constructed any sizes as required. Moreover, it requires minimal maintenance and has long life span (more than 30 years) and stable efficiency.
What is the application of solar cell?
1) Home Indoor and outdoor lighting system, electrical equipment, electric gate opener, security system, ventilator, water pump, water filter and emergency light, etc.
2) Lighting system Bus stop lighting, telephone booth lighting, billboard lighting, parking lot lighting, indoor and outdoor lighting and street lighting, etc.
3) Water pumping Consumption, public utility, livestock watering, agriculture, gardening and farming, mining and irrigation, etc.
4) Battery charging system Emergency power system, battery charging center for rural village and power supply for household use and lighting in remote area, etc.
5) Agriculture Water pumping, agricultural products fumigator, thrashing machines and water sprayer, etc.
6) Cattle Water pumping, oxygen filling system for fish-farming and insect trapped lighting, etc.
7) Health center Refrigerator and cool box for keeping medicines and vaccines and medical equipment, etc.
8/) Communication Air navigational aid, air warning light, lighthouse, beacon navigation aid, illuminated road sign, railway crossing sign, street lighting and emergency telephone, etc.
9) Telecommunication Microwave repeater station, telecommunication equipment, portable communication equipment (e.g. communication radio for service and military exercise) and weather monitoring station, etc.
10) Remote area Hill, island, forest and remote area that the utility grids are not available, etc.
11) Space Satellite, international space station and spacecraft, etc.
About the Author
Solar china What is Solar Cell?
Spray-N-Grow Battery-Powered Garden Sprayer
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Contech CRO101 Scarecrow Motion Activated Sprinkler $59.99 The Contech Electronics Scarecrow Motion-Activated Sprinkler presents an innovative, humane way to keep pets and wildlife from disturbing your yard and garden without the use of complicated traps or potentially hazardous chemicals. The sprinkler combines a surprise spray of water with unexpected motion and noise to create a safe, effective deterrent to unwanted visitors, helping keep your garden l… |
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Hudson 13854 NeverPump Bak-Pak 4 Gallon Battery Operated Sprayer $99.97 The Hudson NeverPump Bak-Pak is a convenient, easy way to carry enough fluid to handle larger jobs. Its high-performance, rechargeable battery-powered pump sprays for 10 continuous hours on a single charge. The long spray wand has a curved tip for greater accuracy. Chemical resistant shoulder straps with adjustable pads make it more comfortable to carry. The large tank opening for easy filling … |
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Stanley 61804 Professional Backpack Poly 4-Gallon Sprayer $59.99 The Stanley Backpack Sprayer features left or right handed pumping. Included are nozzles to handle all your spraying needs. A strainer basket is included in the top of the tank to prevent contamination of the liquid with solids. Specifications: Large pump makes pressurizing quick with less pumping, carrying straps for fatigue-free operation, easy operating spray handle with continuous spray featur… |
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Swiffer WetJet Spray, Mop Floor Cleaner Starter Kit (Packaging May Vary) $18.69 Swiffer WetJet Starter Kit includes 1 power mop, 2 absorbent pads and multi-purpose cleaning solution. Features new & improved dual nozzle sprayer…. |
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Ortho 0165210 Malathion Plus Insect Spray Concentrate – 32 oz. $11.70 Concentrate. Excellent multi use insecticide. Controls a wide range of nuisance insects including mosquitoes. Can be used on ornamentals, roses, flowers, shrubs, trees, fruits, citrus, vegetables, and home foundation. Makes up to 96 gallon of diluted spray. Easy to apply with an Ortho Dial N Spray or a tank sprayer. 32 oz. bottle. Active: 50% Malathion…. |
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BareGround Battery Powered De-Icing Sprayer $40.99 BareGround Battery Powered De-Icing Sprayer is the quickest and easiest way to treat your driveways and walkways before, during or after snow. Extendable telescopic wand collapses and stores in side holder. Adjustable nozzle tip can spray in a solid stream for spot de-icing or a fine mist for pre-treating larger surfaces. On/off rocker switch. Operates on (4) D batteries, not included. Includes 1-… |
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Ortho 0195310 1-1/3-Gallon Home Defense Max Perimeter and Indoor Insect Killer Pull ‘N Spray $17.27 Kills Existing Bugs & Prevents New Bugs From Entering The Home In 1 Application, With Invisishield Barrier Technology, Kills ants, cockroaches, spiders and other listed home-invading pests, Up to 12-month control indoor for listed insects: crickets, spiders (excluding black widow and brown recluse), carpet beetles, earwigs, firebrats, moths and silverfish, Non-staining and odor-free, Contains .05%… |
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MistyMate 10025 Misty 2.5 Hand-Held Personal Mister $8.99 Cools the Air by as much as 30 degrees! Standing at just 8 1/2 inches tall and about 1 1/2 inches in diameter, this mini mister easily fits in a purse, backpack, or other carrying case. This 2.5 oz bottle pressurizes easily with a few quick pumps and with a push of a button an ULTRA FINE MIST emits to create an INSTANT COOLING sensation that has to be FELT to be BELIEVED!And like all our Misty Ma… |
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